Investigation and analysis of muscle mass loss with obesity in 318 young and middle-aged weight loss patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the status of muscle mass loss with obesity among young and middle-aged weight loss patients in nutrition clinic, and to analyze the risk factors of muscle mass loss with obesity.Methods:318 cases of weight loss in the nutrition clinic of Changsha Central Hospital were investigated retrospectively. All subjects completed height and weight measurements, calculated body mass index (BMI), and measured skeletal muscle mass of limbs with Inbody 270 body composition analyzer. According to the muscle mass and body fat percentage, they can be divided into muscle mass loss combined with obesity group, simple obesity group, simple muscle mass loss group and normal group. The differences in body composition and the incidence of metabolic abnormalities between groups were compared, and the risk factors of muscle mass reduction combined with obesity were analyzed by logistic regression.Results:(1) The detection rate of muscle mass loss combined with obesity was 4.7%(15/318), including 5 males and 10 females. In addition, there were 269 cases of simple obesity, 34 cases of normal, no simple loss of muscle mass. (2) Compared with the muscle mass loss combined with obesity group, the simple obesity group had a higher proportion of family history of obesity, history of exercise and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (all P<0.05), and a lower proportion of sleep time ≥7 hours ( P<0.05). The proportion of patients with exercise history was higher in the normal group ( P<0.05). Compared with the simple obesity group, the normal group had a lower proportion of family history of obesity and NAFLD (all P<0.05), and a higher proportion of exercise history and sleep duration ≥7 hours (all P<0.05). (3) Compared with the muscle mass loss combined with obesity group, the body composition indexes of the simple obesity group were higher (all P<0.05); Compared with the muscle mass loss combined with obesity group, the height, body water, skeletal muscle mass, limb muscle mass and basal metabolism of the normal group were higher (all P<0.05), but the body fat, body fat percentage and visceral fat grade of the normal group were lower (all P<0.05). Compared with the simple obesity group, the normal group had lower body weight, body fat, body fat percentage, BMI and visceral fat grade (all P<0.05). (4) There were no significant difference in the incidence of abnormal blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipid and uric acid levels among the three groups (all P>0.05). (5) Logistic regression analysis showed that exercise history was a protective factor for muscle mass loss ( OR=0.164, P=0.026). Conclusions:The prevalence of muscle mass loss with obesity was 4.7% in young and middle-aged overweight and obese people. These people tend to move less, sleep more. No higher incidence of metabolic abnormalities was found. Exercise was a protective factor against loss of muscle mass.

Durabilidad natural de la madera de Ochroma pyramidale Urb. en el municipio de Atrato, Colombia / Natural durability of the wood of Ochroma pyramidale Urb. in the municipality of Atrato, Colombia / Durabilidade natural da madeira de Ochroma pyramidale Urb. no município de Atrato, Colômbia

RESUMEN Se evaluó la durabilidad natural de la madera de O, pyramidale en el municipio de Atrato, Chocó. En cada uno de los ambientes: bajo dosel de árboles BDA, libre exposición LE y bajo sombra de plástico negro BS, se empleó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar conformado por tres tratamientos y tres repeticiones de 30 probetas cada uno. Los resultados del análisis de varianza sugieren que no existe diferencia significativa para el contenido de humedad y la pérdida de masa. Se experimentó un aumento en el contenido de humedad de 119,32% y 90,63% de las probetas ubicadas a LE y BS, respectivamente. Basados en estas características, la madera de O. pyramidale se ubica en la categoría poco resistente, por lo que se puede inferir que, no es apta para construcciones que queden en contacto directo con el suelo, donde es afectada por diversos agentes de biodeterioro.

ABSTRACT The natural durability of O, pyramidalewood was evaluated in the municipality of Atrato, Chocó. In each of the environmental conditions: under canopy of UCT trees, free exposure FE and under black plastic shade UBP a completely random block design was used, consisting of three treatments and three repetitions of 30 wood samples each. The results of the analysis of variance suggest that there is no significant difference for moisture content and mass loss. An increase in moisture content of 119.32% and 90.63% of the wood specimens located at LE and BS, respectively, was observed. Based on these characteristics, O. pyramidalewood is located in the low resistance category, so it can be inferred that it is not suitable for constructions in direct contact with the ground, where it is affected by various biodeteriorating agents.

RESUMO A durabilidade natural da madeira O. pyramidalefoi avaliada no munic'pio de Atrato, Chocó. Em cada um dos ambientes: sob uma copa de árvores BDA, exposição livre LE e sob uma sombra de plástico preto BS, foi utilizado um desenho de bloco completamente aleatório, consistindo em três tratamentos e três repetições de 30 espécimes cada um. Os resultados da análise de variância sugerem que não há diferença significativa para o conteúdo de umidade e perda de massa. Um aumento no teor de umidade de 119,32% e 90,63% foi experimentado por peças de teste localizadas no LE e na BS, respectivamente. Com base nestas caracter'sticas, a madeira O. pyramidaleestá na categoria de baixa resistência, pelo que se pode inferir que não é adequada para construções que estejam em contacto directo com o solo, onde é afectada por vários agentes biodeteriorantes.

Clinical correlations between chronic hepatitis C infection and decreasing bone mass density after treatment with interferon-alpha

Objective: To compare the bone mass density in chronic hepatitis patients before and after interferon-a treatment. Methods: A total of 70 patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with interferon-a and were evaluated. The treatment dosage was three million IU three times a week for one year. All the patients underwent bone mass density detection at lumbar spine and femoral neck before and after the interferon-a treatment. All the necessary information such as age, sex, and laboratory test, history of occurrence of fractures, lifestyle, and menopause status was collected by interviewers face-to-face from participants at the research visit. Smoking was categorized by whether participants were nonsmokers or smokers. Menopause was designated if there had been complete cessation of menses for more than 12 months. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 14 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Among 70 patients, 52%were male, 48%were female and the mean age was (57.0 ± 9.6) years (range: 24–79). Twenty-nine percent of the patients had a history of smoking. The mean body mass index was (24.4 ± 3.6) kg/m2 (range:18.4–35.3). Of the 70 cases, 21 had high fibrosis-4. The prevalence of overall fracture history was 2.9%(two patients). Conclusions: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection did increase the risk of development of metabolic bone disease in this cohort. Indeed, greater reduction of bone mass density occurs in advanced liver fibrosis. The bone loss in earlier stages of chronic hepatitis C infection is likely to result from increased bone reduction rather than decreased bone formation. Overall, these observations suggest an important role for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in increased bone turnover in osteodystrophy pathogenesis.

Clinical correlations between chronic hepatitis C infection and decreasing bone mass density after treatment with interferon-alpha

Objective To compare the bone mass density in chronic hepatitis patients before and after interferon-α treatment. Methods A total of 70 patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with interferon-α and were evaluated. The treatment dosage was three million IU three times a week for one year. All the patients underwent bone mass density detection at lumbar spine and femoral neck before and after the interferon-α treatment. All the necessary information such as age, sex, and laboratory test, history of occurrence of fractures, lifestyle, and menopause status was collected by interviewers face-to-face from participants at the research visit. Smoking was categorized by whether participants were nonsmokers or smokers. Menopause was designated if there had been complete cessation of menses for more than 12 months. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 14 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results Among 70 patients, 52% were male, 48% were female and the mean age was (57.0 ± 9.6) years (range: 24–79). Twenty-nine percent of the patients had a history of smoking. The mean body mass index was (24.4 ± 3.6) kg/m

Relative humidity and its interaction with the wounds on decay incidence and ripening of 'Galaxy' apples during cold storage / Umidade relativa e sua interação com ferimentos sobre a incidência de podridões e o amadurecimento de maçãs 'Galaxy' durante o armazenamento

The objectives of the present work were control the decay incidence and ripening of wounded fruits by the relative humidity management during the storage. Fruits were allocated in mini experimental chambers at the temperature of 1°C during 5 months. Was verified a significant interaction on ethylene production after 2 and 6 days of shelf life at 20°C. On the evaluation carried out after 6 days, wounded fruits stored under LRH showed lower ethylene production. There was higher mass loss in wounded fruits stored in HRH. Wounded fruits showed high decay incidence. The LRH is not an efficient method to control decay incidence in wounded fruits, but maintain higher flesh firmness, lower ethylene production and respiration rate.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho controlar a ocorrência de podridões e o amadurecimento de frutos com ferimentos pelo manejo da umidade relativa (UR) durante o armazenamento. Os frutos foram acondicionados em minicâmaras experimentais na temperatura de 1°C durante um período de cinco meses. Observou-se uma interação significativa para produção de etileno aos dois e seis dias de exposição a 20°C. Na análise aos seis dias, frutos com ferimento em baixa umidade relativa (BUR) apresentaram menor produção de etileno. Houve maior perda de massa em frutos com ferimento em alta UR. Frutos com ferimento apresentaram elevados índices de podridão. O uso de BUR não é eficiente no controle de podridões em frutos com ferimentos, porém ela mantém maior firmeza de polpa, menor produção de etileno e taxa respiratória.

Evaluación de la concentración de hemoglobina en donantes regulares de plasma / Assessment of haemoglobin concentration in regular plasma donors

INTRODUCCIÓN: está demostrado que la donación de sangre total repetitiva conduce a una deficiencia de hierro, dependiendo fundamentalmente de la frecuencia de donaciones. Sin embargo, el posible efecto que pudiera inducir la plasmaféresis regular sobre la concentración de hemoglobina es un aspecto poco reportado. OBJETIVO: determinar el comportamiento de esta variable y estimar las pérdidas de masa de eritrocitos en donantes de plasmaféresis intensiva nivel 2. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal a través de la revisión de 100 historias clínicas de donantes seleccionados aleatoriamente, para recoger resultados de la determinación de hemoglobina y del hematocrito durante un ciclo de 24 donaciones. Las pérdidas de masa de eritrocito fueron estimadas a través de la medición del volumen y del hematocrito de la sangre total contenida en set de plasmaféresis al finalizar la donación de plasma, sumando a ello la cantidad de sangre total extraída para los estudios de laboratorio. RESULTADOS: se encontró que la concentración promedio de hemoglobina no presentó modificaciones estadísticamente significativas para ambos sexos ni para el grupo total. La pérdida de eritrocitos en un proceso de plasmaféresis fue de aproximadamente 18 mL (9.25 mL remanentes en el set de plasmaféresis y 8.86 mL para muestras de laboratorio), muy cercanos a los 25 mL reglamentados por el Centro para el Control Estatal de la Calidad de los Medicamentos en Cuba (CECMED). CONCLUSIONES: aunque la concentración de hemoglobina y el hematocrito son fácilmente estimadas, su sensibilidad no es buena para la evaluación de la deficiencia de hierro en etapas en que solo sus reservas están disminuidas. La incorporación de otros exámenes de laboratorio más sensibles contribuiría a mejorar la vigilancia de los niveles de hemoglobina en este grupo de individuos(AU)

INTRODUCTION: A close relation between repetitive whole blood donation and iron deficiency has been demonstrated, mainly depending on the frequency of donations. However, the possible effect on hemoglobin concentration that regular plasmapheresis could induce has been scarcely reported. AIM: Determine the behavior of this variant and to estimate red blood cell mass loss in intensive plasmapheresis donor level 2. METHODS: A longitudinal descriptive study was carried out reviewing medical records of 100 randomly selected donors to collect results of the determination of hemoglobin and hematocrit during a cycle of 24 donations. Red cell mass loss was estimated by measuring of volume and hematocrit of whole blood contained in the plasmapheresis set at the end of plasma donation and adding the total amount of blood collected for laboratory tests. RESULTS: Average concentration of hemoglobin showed no statistically significant changes for both, female or male donors. The loss of red blood cell mass in a process of plasma was approximately 18 mL (9.25 mL remaining on the plasma set and 8.86 mL for laboratory tests) which was very close to the limit of 25 mL according to Centro para el Control Estatal de la Calidad de los Medicamentos en Cuba (CECMED) regulations. CONCLUSIONS: Even when hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration are easily estimated, sensitivity is not good for the evaluation of iron deficiency in periods in which only stores are diminished. The inclusion of other more precise laboratory tests will contribute to a better surveillance of haemoglobin levels in this group of individuals(AU)

Leaf litter mas loss rates and associated faun of tree species commonly used in neotropical riparian reforestation / Tasas de pérdida de masa de la hojarasca y fauna asociada en especies de árboles comúnmente utilizados en la reforestación de riberas neotropicales

A signature of globalization is the prevalence of exotic trees along reforested urban and rural riparian zones in the Neotropics, but little is known about the instream processing of its leaf litter. In this study, leaf litter breakdown rates were measured during 35 days using mesh bags within a reference headwater stream for seven exotic and three native tree species commonly used in urban and rural reforestation. Artocarpus altilis, Schefflera actinophylla and Terminalia catappa scored the highest mass loss rates (>85 %; mean life: t50.

Una de las señales más evidentes de la globalización es la prevalencia de especies de árboles exóticos a lo largo de las zonas ribereñas urbanas y rurales del Neotrópico, pero poco se sabe sobre el procesamiento de su hojarasca dentro de las quebradas. En este estudio se midieron las tasas de pérdida de masa de la hojarasca usando bolsas de angeo en una quebrada de referencia durante 35 días, para siete especies exóticas y tres nativas comúnmente usadas en la reforestación urbana y rural. Artocarpus altilis, Schefflera actinophylla y Terminalia catappa obtuvieron las mayores tasas de pérdida de masa (>85 %; vida media: t50.

Kinetics of the aerobic decomposition of Talauma ovata and Saccharum officinarum / Cinéticas da decomposição aeróbia de Talauma ovata e Saccharum officinarum

The aim of this study is to evaluate the kinetics of aerobic decomposition of Saccharum officinarum and Talauma ovata leaves. For each species, decomposition chambers (leaves and water) were set up, which were maintained under controlled conditions. Each sampling day (1, 7, 15, 30, 39, 58, 72 and 90 days), the concentrations of total organic carbon, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined in the dissolved fraction, while the mass and cell wall fractions (CWF) were determined in the particulate fraction. The pH stabilization of the chambers with T. ovata and S. officinarum leaves occurred in alkaline (ca. 8 - 8.5) and close to the neutrality (ca. 7 - 7.5) environment, respectively. The EC values were on average 1.6 times higher in incubations with T. ovata leaves. The mass loss did not differ between the species (mean = 53.85%), however the decay coefficient was higher for S. officinarum (k4 = 0.007 day-1) than for T. ovata (k4 = 0.005 day-1) leaves. The CWF mass loss (mean = 50.16%) and their coefficient (0.0090 day-1) were similar. S. officinarum decomposed faster due to its high concentrations of energetic compounds of interest to the microbiota. The slower decomposition of T. ovata may have occurred due to the presence of secondary compounds with negative effects to the microorganisms.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as cinéticas da decomposição aeróbia de folhas de Talauma ovata e Saccharum officinarum. Para cada espécie foram montadas câmaras de decomposição (folhas e água) que foram mantidas sob condições controladas. A cada dia amostral (1, 7, 15, 30, 39, 58, 72 e 90 dias), as concentrações de carbono orgânico total, pH e condutividade elétrica (CE) foram determinadas na fração dissolvida, enquanto a massa e as frações de parede celular (FPC) foram determinadas na fração particulada. A estabilização do pH das câmaras com folhas de T. ovata e S. officinarum ocorreram em meio básico (ca. 8 - 8,5) e próximo à neutralidade (ca. 7 - 7,5), respectivamente. Os valores de CE foram em média 1,6 vezes maiores nas incubações com folhas de T. ovata. A perda de massa não diferiu entre as espécies (média = 53,85%). No entanto, o coeficiente de decaimento foi maior para as folhas de S. officinarum (k4 = 0,007 dia-1) que para T. ovata (k4 = 0,005 dia-1). As perdas de massa da FPC (média = 50,16%) e seus respectivos coeficientes (0,0090 dia-1) foram similares. S. officinarum decompôs mais rapidamente devido às elevadas concentrações de compostos energéticos de interesse para a microbiota. A decomposição mais lenta de T. ovata pode ter ocorrido pela presença de compostos secundários com efeitos negativos sobre os micro-organismos.

Abrasiveness of conventional and specific denture-cleansing dentifrices

This study analyzed the weight loss and surface roughness caused in Plexiglass specimens by conventional dentifrices (Sorriso, Colgate and Close Up) and specific dentifrices used for cleaning of dentures (Corega and Dentu Creme). Plexiglass specimens were divided into 6 groups (n=6) including: a control (distilled water - DW) and experimental groups. Brushing was performed in a toothbrushing machine with a soft brush and a dentifrice suspension and DW according to different brushing times (50, 100, 200 and 250 min -18,000, 36,000, 72,000 and 90,000 cycles, respectively, calculated to correspond to 1, 2, 4 and 5 years of regular brushing). The results of weight loss and surface roughness were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 5% significance level. In all tested times, the effect of DW was insignificant. Dentifrices differed significantly from DW in the initial period. Corega dentifrice caused greater mass loss in all studied times, followed by Close Up. Dentifrices resulted in a surface roughness similar to the DW at 50 min. In the other times, Sorriso, Colgate and Corega caused more surface roughness than DW. In conclusion, specific dentifrices caused larger mass loss and lower surface roughness as conventional dentifrice.

Este estudo analisou a perda de massa e rugosidade superficial causadas em corpos de prova de Plexiglass por dentifrícios convencionais (Sorriso, Colgate e Close Up) e específicos (Corega e Dentu Creme) para higienização de próteses totais. Os corpos de prova de Plexiglass foram distribuidos em 6 grupos (n=6), sendo um controle (água destilada - AD) e grupos experimentais. A escovação foi realizada em máquina de escovação com escovas macias e suspensões de dentifrícios ou AD, de acordo com os diferentes tempos de escovação (50, 100, 200 e 250 min -18.000, 36.000, 72.000 e 90.000 ciclos, respectivamente, calculados para corresponder a 1, 2, 4 e 5 anos de escovação regular). Os resultados de perda de massa e rugosidade superficial foram analisados por meio de ANOVA e teste de Tukey com 5% de significância. Em todos os tempos analisados, a AD teve efeito insignificante. Os dentifrícios diferiram significativamente da AD no período inicial. O dentifrício Corega causou maior perda de massa em todos os tempos estudados, seguido por Close Up. No tempo de 50 min, todos os dentifrícios causaram rugosidade superficial semelhante à AD. Nos outros tempos, Sorriso, Colgate e Corega causaram maior rugosidade superficial em relação à AD. Conclui-se que os dentifrícios específicos causaram maior perda de massa, porém menor rugosidade superficial que os dentifrícios convencionais.

Síndrome de anorexia-caquexia en el paciente oncológico / The cachexia-anorexia syndrome among oncological patients

Se estima que dos terceras partes de los pacientes con cáncer sufren anorexia o pérdida significativa de apetito, lo que conduce a pérdida acentuada de peso y a desnutrición grave (caquexia), una de las principales causas contribuyentes de la muerte. Se ha observado que el síndrome de anorexia-caquexia en cáncer difiere de la desnutrición simple, si bien aún no se conocen los mecanismos exactos que lo ocasionan. Diversas hipótesis proponen que la patogénesis es multicausal, destacándose diversas características del tumor, del huésped y variables del tratamiento. Desafortunadamente, con frecuencia la pérdida acentuada de peso representa para el paciente la progresión del proceso de la enfermedad, lo que puede tener repercusiones significativas en su calidad de vida y en sus interacciones familiares y sociales. Se lleva a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de los procesos etiológicos del síndrome, así como de las posibles medidas terapéuticas y farmacológicas.

Approximately two thirds of cancer patients at advanced stages of the disease suffer from anorexia, which leads to significant weight loss and progressive cachexia, an important factor that contributes to death. It has been observed that cancer cachexia differs from simple starvation, although the exact mechanisms associated with cancer cachexia are not well known. Several theories regarding its pathogenesis point to a complex mixture of tumor, host and treatment variables. Unfortunately, the wasting syndrome also constitutes for the patient, a progression of the cancer process, significantly affecting quality of life and social interactions. Treatable causes should be identified and treated. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the effects of caquexia on the patient may play a role in identifying treatment measures targetted to muscle wasting and to maintain body strength. In this article we review the main features and mechanisms of the anorexia-cachexia syndrome in patients with cancer.